![]() Fossils indicate that the jaw mechanism began evolving at least 200 million years ago. This mechanism allows the jaws to shear through chitin and bone. The structure of the jaw joint allows the lower jaw to slide forwards after it has closed between the two upper rows of teeth. This specific tooth arrangement is not seen in any other reptile although most snakes have a double row of teeth in their upper jaws, their arrangement and function is different from the tuatara's. There is a single row of teeth in the lower jaw and a double row in the upper, with the bottom row fitting perfectly between the two upper rows when the mouth is closed. The tip of the upper jaw is beak-like and separated from the remainder of the jaw by a notch. : 113 However, the lower temporal bar (sometimes called the cheek bone) is incomplete in some fossil Rhynchocephalia, suggesting its presence in the tuatara is a distinctive ( autapomorphic) feature rather than one inherited from a common ancestor. The skull of the tuatara has a similar structure, with both upper and lower temporal openings. This makes for a very rigid, inflexible construction. The upper jaw is firmly attached to the posterior of skull. The ancestor of diapsids had a skull with two openings in the temporal region – upper and lower temporal fenestra on each side of the skull bounded by complete arches. This is thought to be the first case of tuatara successfully breeding in the wild on New Zealand's North Island in over 200 years. ĭuring routine maintenance work at Zealandia in late 2008, a tuatara nest was uncovered, with a hatchling found the following autumn. Tuatara were extinct on the mainland, with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands until the first North Island release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Wildlife Sanctuary (now named "Zealandia") in 2005. Tuatara, like many of New Zealand's native animals, are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators, such as the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans). A second species, the Brothers Island tuatara S. guntheri, ( Buller, 1877), was recognised in 1989, but since 2009 it has been reclassified as a subspecies ( S.p. guntheri). The tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus) has been protected by law since 1895. The species has between 5 and 6 billion base pairs of DNA sequence, nearly twice that of humans. Although tuatara have preserved the morphological characteristics of their Mesozoic ancestors (240–230 million years ago), there is no evidence of a continuous fossil record to support this. This term is currently deprecated among paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Tuatara are sometimes referred to as " living fossils", which has generated significant scientific debate. ![]() They are able to hear, although no external ear is present, and have unique features in their skeleton, some of them apparently evolutionarily retained from fish. They have two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlapping one row on the lower jaw, which is unique among living species. Tuatara are greenish brown and grey, and measure up to 80 cm (31 in) from head to tail-tip and weigh up to 1.3 kg (2.9 lb) with a spiny crest along the back, especially pronounced in males. For this reason, tuatara are of interest in the study of the evolution of lizards and snakes, and for the reconstruction of the appearance and habits of the earliest diapsids, a group of amniote tetrapods that also includes dinosaurs (including birds) and crocodilians. Their closest living relatives are squamates (lizards and snakes). ![]() Rhynchocephalians originated during the Triassic (~250 million years ago), reached worldwide distribution and peak diversity during the Jurassic and, with the exception of tuatara, were extinct by 60 million years ago. The single extant species of tuatara is the only surviving member of its order. The name tuatara is derived from the Māori language and means "peaks on the back". Despite their close resemblance to lizards, they are part of a distinct lineage, the order Rhynchocephalia. Tuatara ( Sphenodon punctatus) are reptiles endemic to New Zealand. Symbols may represent up to seven islands. Current distribution of tuatara (in black): Circles represent the North Island tuatara, and squares the Brothers Island tuatara.
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![]() These items then show up under this section which enables quick access. Favourites: Using the UI it’s possible to favourite any folder or file.Shared with me: All of the folders&files shared with you from another Icedrive user will show up here.Encrypted: This is the department within which all of your data is encrypted with Twofish client-side encryption.My Icedrive: Represents your total cloud storage space where you can access and manage your files.On the left you have the menu from where you can access all the important features: It’s possible to switch between two views: Once you’re inside you’re greeted by a slick-looking user interface that has a minimalistic design and looks very clean. Registering an account with Icedrive is no challenge, you simply enter the credentials shown above and you’re in (Google or Facebook sign-ups aren’t possible). Their lifetime cloud storage plans are especially interesting. Icedrive takes it a step further when it comes to making sure your files are protected to the maximum. I would recommend Icedrive to anyone in need of a secure, useful and modern cloud storage provider. Crypto payments are available only for their lifetime plans. If you don’t like their service simply grab the money back and take it elsewhere. A 14-day money-back guarantee is placed on all Icedrive plans. Paying for the plans can be done via PayPal, Visa and MasterCard. Icedrive is also one of the cheapest cloud storage providers out there. Now, who knows what will happen in 20 years but it’s easy to calculate that you will start seeing massive savings after 2-3 years of cloud storage usage. In return for a one-time payment, you get to keep your online storage space for a lifetime. It is a really unique opportunity to invest into cloud storage and save money in the long run. They’ve also introduced lifetime plans alongside pCloud. Icedrive has 3 different paid plans when it comes to storage capacity. In which case, we need to look at their paid plans. The free offer is quite enough if you need to store a few documents and a small music collection but I need my storage capacity a lot bigger than that due to the big photo collection. That number is quite good when you compare it with for example Dropbox that only offers 2 GB of free storage. Icedrive offers 10 GB of free permanent storage with a 3 GB daily bandwidth limit. This enables easy retrieval of files in various scenarios such as malware infection. The rewind feature allows you to go back in time and inspect your cloud storage as it was in that moment. Background transparency concerns plagued macOS 10.15.The note could not be exported as an image if the first line included a link.On the touchpad, swipe-to-hide sometimes did not function. ![]()
![]() The boss characters, as well as 4 bonus characters, are unlockable in the console version and cannot be used in Vs. Computer mode of the game includes 10 playable characters from the start and 2 boss characters. 93: The Puzzle Bobble - Puzzle Bobble 4), and was digitally re-released in North America via PlayStation Network for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, and PlayStation Vita by SCE America on April 29, 2014. The PS1 version was re-released on April 2002 in Japan as part of the budget-oriented Simple 1500 series (as Simple 1500 Series Vol. It was ported to the Sony PlayStation (in 1998-1999), Sega Dreamcast (in 1999-2000, ported by CyberFront), Game Boy Color (in 1999-2000, ported by Crawfish), and PC (exclusive to North America in 2000 by Interplay). The game was ported to some systems as either Puzzle Bobble 4 (in Japan, mostly published by Taito) or Bust-A-Move 4 (outside of Japan, mostly published by Acclaim). Computer mode (where the inhabitants of Rainbow World must find all of the Rainbow Bubbles), a brand new character roster (along with more-detailed attack patterns), and new gameplay mechanics (including "chain combos" for Versus Mode and new obstacles in Puzzle Mode). The fourth title in the Bust-A-Move series, Puzzle Bobble 4 adds a story to the main Vs. If you're looking for a good game to pass the time between now and the big fall push, this is certainly a good place to start.Puzzle Bobble 4 is a tile-matching puzzle game developed and released by Taito for arcades (using Taito F3 Package System hardware) in December 1997. Yeah, it could have been better, but what's here is well worth the price of $29.99, and puzzle fan or no, you'll have a blast with this one. When all is said and done, Bust-a-Move 4 is just a whole lot of fun. The characters themselves are also all really well done, despite the presence of a flaming Jar-Jar Binks wanna-be, and even the cutesy music helps get you in the mood. Each bubble has its own effect, and despite some slowdown (which almost seem intentional), the individual character effects when clearing a group of bubbles can be really awesome. That is a promise.), this game truly is a visual treat. Visually, despite the fact that the game is still basically the same title it has always been, there are lots of bells and whistles in this year's rendition, and despite having to do a swap to enjoy them on my VGA box ( Damnit Acclaim, if you ship F355 without support, we will rise up and unleash the fury of hell. That frustrating point aside, Taito seemed to get the presentation down pat. Acclaim, give me a four player, 'Net friendly version in time for the Holidays and I promise not to take you off my Christmas card list. For such a fun multi-player game, I have to say the Mutli-player set-up in BAM4 is extremely lacking when you look at what could have been. Not only that, but a game like this is begging for Online play, and alas, we get no such love (Thank you, SegaNet.*Sigh*). I mean, it isn't like the Dreamcast is sweating this level of detail, or anything, and with four controller ports, this sort of omission is really kind of foolish. Multi-player is also a heap of fun, though I have to say that I am pretty friggin' amazed that after enjoying a four-player version on the Nintendo 64 that this year's rendition is limited to a 2-player affair. ![]() We could have stood to see some analog support on or DC pad, but it hardly takes away from the experience. Mastering moves such as the "bank shot," chains, and last-minute saves can prove tyo be incredibly rewarding, and with all the game play modes they've included (man, there is a ton to do here), this is a puzzle fan's dream. Each character has their own set of combos, and different special pieces that they can throw at you, which really helps add to the game's replay value and level of strategy, as each game is a totally different experience. Bust-A-Move 4 (USA-PSN) PSP Eboot Description: Bust-A-Move 4 is a Puzzle video game published by Taito Corporation released on April 29th, 2014 for the PlayStation Network as PSOne Classic. In the versus game, as you drop bubbles, you throw "combos" at your opponent, and that is when the fun really starts.Īs usual, the gameplay is incredible. ![]() ![]() Anything below this chain that isn't touching something else will come crashing down when you bust a chain. In case you don't know, Bust-a-Move 4 is the latest in a long line of super-cute puzzlers that focus on popping a dropping a sequence of random colored bubbles that burst when three or more of the same color are touching. ![]() McKenna frequently resorts to a series of metaphors to describe his experiences with machine elves (and the DMT experience in general), underscoring the difficulty of reducing such ineffable experiences to the lower dimensionality of language.Īs detailed in his book True Hallucinations, Mckenna traveled with his brother and some friends to La Chorrera in the Columbian Amazon in search of Oo-koo-he, a DMT-containing plant preparation used by the indigenous people to access the spirit realms. In his book Archaic Revival, Mckenna refers to them as “self-transforming machine elves.” In any case, they are inhabitants of the DMT dimension that often try to teach something to whoever is visiting. They’ve come to be known by many names, including “clockwork elves”, “DMT elves”, “fractal elves”, and “tykes” (a word for small child). Machine elves is a term coined by the ethnobotanist, philosopher, and writer Terence Mckenna to describe some of the entities that are encountered in a DMT trip. What are Machine Elves and Clockwork Elves? Interestingly, the DMT entities appear sentient and autonomous in their behavior, as if denizens of a free-standing, independent reality. Contact with “life-forms” such as clowns, reptiles, mantises, bees, spiders, cacti, and stick figures was commonplace among the volunteers as well. Mayer found that 66% of them (226) referenced independently-existing entities that interact in an intelligent and intentional manner.Īccording to Strassman, the research subjects described contact with “entities”, “beings”, “aliens”, “guides”, and “helpers”. Similarly, Philip Mayer collected and analyzed 340 DMT trip reports in 2005. Indeed, of the thousand pages of notes taken throughout the course of Strassman’s research, 50% of them involve interactions with DMT entities. “I was neither intellectually nor emotionally prepared for the frequency with which contact with beings occurred in our studies, nor the often utterly bizarre nature of these experiences.” In his book DMT The Spirit Molecule, where he documents these experiences, Strassman writes, In the five year study, nearly 400 doses of DMT were given to 60 volunteers. In the West, the psychiatrist Rick Strassman was the first to conduct human research with DMT at the University of New Mexico throughout the early 1990s. This ranges from the ancient shamanic traditions of Native Americans to indigenous Australian and African tribes. Overview of DMT EntitiesĬontact with entities is reported in the majority of DMT trip reports in the West, but also in a multitude of non-Western cultures. In this article, we will take a deep dive into machine elves, and also explore some of the other DMT entities that are commonly reported in DMT trips. Among these DMT entities, “machine elves”, or “clockwork elves”, are some of the most well-recognized in the DMT realm, even cross-culturally. DMT experiences are characterized by fantastic visions and breakthrough events, including most interestingly, contact with a range of entities. DMT (N, N-dimethyltryptamine) is an incredibly powerful, short-lasting tryptamine psychedelic found naturally in animals, fungi, and a wide variety of plants. ![]() Then restarted the Sierra install (which I found under LaunchPad after some wasted time looking in the. ![]() Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0x4 Reason for this error: failed for data source Driver type 4. and even old nVidia cards will not work past High Sierra (10. If you experience that Windows cannot find drives when installing Windows 11/10. Termination Signal: Illegal instruction: 4 Install macOS Monterey on PCs Guide - This quick tutorial from the long term. Unfortenately the tool "blank board serialiser" doesn't work on my mac.Äoes anybody has an idea if this could cause the problem and if it does how to fix it?Ĭrashed Thread: 0 CrBrowserMain Dispatch queue: -threadÄ®xception Type: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL)Ä®xception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000 Nope.Ä®xamining the error report I found, that the function GetDeviceSerialNumber() maybe the problem and voila, I found out that my system has lost the serial number ( -> About this Mac) Also tried to disable System Integrity Protection (SIP) (issuing sudo spctl -master-disable in a Terminal window in recovery mode). This prompt appears because, starting macOS High Sierra 10.13, any third-party kernel extension installation will require the users explicit approval, called. ![]() Multiminer has you covered with a Getting Started wizard to guide you through the process of entering your pool information, using helpful tooltips to fully clarify any potentially unfamiliar terms. As such it has plenty of powerful features, while being much kinder to newcomers.ĭaunted at the prospect of setting up mining software? No worries, and you are not alone. MultiMiner is a graphical frontend to make BFGMiner a snap to use. BFGminer can even be installed on a Raspberry Pi, too, as part of the free Minera operating system. Hotkeys can be used to perform routine tasks including monitoring pools, identifying devices and enabling extra features.Īlong with offering a simple text interface and features by the ton, BFGMiner is available for Windows and all major flavors of Linux. While the interface is text-based, and just like CGminer, options are well laid out. Furthermore, BFGMiner is intelligent enough to stop connecting to unreachable pools, which saves precious system resources, and enhances profitability. There is also temperature monitoring for most devices, and it can also connect to multiple mining pools. While BFGMiner has a narrow focus, it does have features to empower users to tinker with mining devices, such as dynamic overclocking and capabilities for a remote interface. The client is also compatible with FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) devices and can be configured to work with some graphics cards – but it's not easy to make a profit from these. It also has optimization for the Antminer firmware, for up to 40% higher performance on the Antminer S17 ASIC.īFGMiner is based upon our previous pick, CGMiner, but is designed specifically for ASIC mining hardware. ![]() The hashing power, and production of each machine is tracked in real time, with a total provided of both variables. Not sure which mining pools to join? Not a problem, as there is also a benchmark feature that can impressively “Test multiple mining algorithms and mining software and measure the hashrate and power usage for each of them to optimize the profit switching decisions” according to Awesome Miner.Īdditional features include an easy setup, with the ability to join multiple mining pools simultaneously. ![]() ![]() Downtime is minimized through automatic recovery to get up and mining seamlessly. This software allows for profit tracking, as it can track real time revenue and power consumption. The goal here is centralized management, for maximum efficiency, and in turn, profitability. In summary, very few will have an operation larger than this software can easily handle. How large you may wonder? We are talking up to 200,000 ASIC miners, and up to 25,000 CPU/GPU miners. While some software is aimed at the more casual miner, Awesome Miner serves those that need to manage a larger mining operation. You can configure your system to make an exception for CGMiner if you wish, or use the Linux version. This may be because hackers using their own versions of this program could secretly install CGMiner on someone else's machine to mine for their own benefit. When first started, CGMiner will ask you to enter the URL, username and password (if necessary) for your preferred mining pool, and it will automatically detect any hardware you have connected such as an ASIC device.Īlthough you have to work with CGMiner via the command line, the layout is quite streamlined with mining devices listed at the top, and simple keyboard commands for changing settings, such as enabling verbose mode or detecting new hardware.ĭuring our tests using CGMiner 4.9.2 on Windows 10, we found that our Avast antivirus software tried to block the download. It's primarily designed to be used with dedicated hardware mining devices, but can make use of any GPUs connected to your machine as well. It functions via a simple command line interface, supporting multiple mining pools and devices. CGMiner has been around for over six years and is coded in C, which makes it compatible with almost every operating system. ![]() To turn on password protection while editing, printing, and copying, be sure to check the box next to Permission Password, enter the password you want to use for editing, printing, and copying into its corresponding text box field, and then tick the boxes next to the permissions you want to grant. Check the box beside Open Password, and enter your password into the corresponding text field. Step 3: Your PDF should automatically show up in the list of available files. Step 2: Click the Add Files button in the upper-left corner, and double-click the PDF document you want to password protect. Step 1: Head over to the PDFMate Free PDF Merger website, click the Free Download button near the bottom of the page and then follow the on-screen installation instructions. Like Adobe Acrobat DC’s program, PDFMate can set passwords to documents and allow you to input passcodes for editing, printing, and copying. PDFMate Free PDF Merger lets you combine pages and encrypt them all for free. Fortunately, there are alternatives that cost little to no money if you don’t mind missing a few Adobe Acrobat DC features and design aesthetics. You don’t need to spend a lot of money on a secure PDF platform. If you need a full explanation of each security option offered by Adobe, check out their detailed help guide on the matter. You have to save your document in order to save your security settings for it. When you’re ready to save your new security settings, hit Save on your document one last time. You’ll then be prompted to confirm your Change Permissions Password. Step 6: In the Options section, select your compatibility and encryption options. Set your Change Permissions Password by typing it in the text box next to that phrase. Select any other appropriate options for this document by ticking their respective boxes in this section. ![]() Step 5: Under the Permissions section, choose the types of printing and editing that will be allowed for the document by clicking on the drop-down menus next to the phrases Printing Allowed and Changes Allowed, respectively. Step 4: In the Password Security window that appears, tick the box next to the phrase Restrict Editing and Printing of the Document. You’ll be asked if you want to change the security of the document. From the drop-down menu that appears, choose Encrypt With Password. Step 2: Select the Tools tab, and then scroll down to select Protect. Adobe Acrobat DC, for instance, will also allow you to password protect specific tasks such as editing and printing. Password protecting a PDF document isn’t necessarily a catch-all security measure. Restricting edits and printing with Adobe Acrobat If you’re worried about forgetting your password, you can always use a password manager. Preferably, the password will be one that includes a combination of lowercase letters, capitalization, and numbers. Recent versions of Adobe will even rate how difficult your password will be to guess, so try to pick a password that gets a strong rating. If you’re sending this password to others, it’s probably best to choose one that you don’t use for other services - which is good advice in general. Once you have everything the way you want it, click Apply. Step 5: In the dialog box that pops up, choose your password requirements (whether or not users will need a password to edit or view your document), set your password, and select any Advanced Options if desired. ![]() Step 4: Select File, and then choose Protect Using Password. Choose the PDF file you want to password protect from its respective save location, and click the Open button. Then, click the File menu in the upper-left corner, and select Open. Step 3: Once Adobe Acrobat Pro DC is launched, make sure you’re signed in using the Sign In link in the top-right corner. If asked whether you want to buy or continue your trial, pick the option to continue. Otherwise, it will only upgrade what you already have installed to the fancier version. Step 2: If you don’t already have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed, then you’ll need to install the DC Pro version. Then, follow the on-screen prompts to download and install Adobe Acrobat Pro DC. On this page, click on the Get Started button to start your trial. Once you’ve entered and submitted your information, you’ll be taken to a confirmation page. ![]() ![]() Professor Springborg was himself accused of being a "conspirator against Egypt’s stability" on 7 December 2011 Arabic-language edition of Al-Masry al-Youm. Springborg and the Egypt Independent staff collaborated to alter the offending sections in the opinion piece, however the second issue of the supplement was nevertheless prevented from being published. The second issue of Egypt Independent was to carry an opinion piece by Robert Springborg, a political scientist and expert on Egyptian civil-military relations, that was critical of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces that had ruled Egypt since the February, 2011 departure of former president Husni Mubarak. On 1 December 2011, the chief editor of Al-Masry Al-Youm objected to and ultimately censored a print issue of Egypt Independent, Al-Masry's weekly English-language newspaper supplement that was launched in November 2011. Al Masry Al Youm reported at the time that a source among the flotilla's activists said to the paper that "the ship will reach the port of Alexandria to refuel, in response to the invitation of Al Masry Al Youm, and after that it will proceed to one of the Mediterranean ports, and from there directly to Gaza, challenging all of the threats that Israel has issued." Accusations of self-censorship It turned towards Gaza after publicly announcing that its destination was the port of Alexandria, before being intercepted by Israeli commandos and escorted to the Israeli port of Ashdod. The French ship Dignité Al Karama was the only ship in the flotilla that managed to approach Gaza. The paper reported that flotilla activists welcomed the paper's initiative to sail from Egypt. The flotilla's ships were stalled in Greece after Greek authorities refused to let them sail. In July, 2011, Al Masry Al Youm publicized its initiative to host the Freedom Flotilla 2 in Egypt and to have the flotilla's ships sail for Gaza from an Egyptian port. The same year the paper sold 250,000 copies. In 2012, the paper's online version was the 26th most-visited website in Egypt based on the Alexa data. Further, it harnessed the energy of young journalists, giving them incentives to produce good work. ![]() It has successfully responded to the Egyptian media market as a whole and not a single political party, like many Egyptian opposition papers, and was unafraid to take on hard-hitting topics, like governmental news outlets. As of 2009 it was regarded as the most influential newspaper in Egypt. After 3 three years, it was challenging Al-Ahram for the status of being the national paper of record. The 2005 circulation of the daily was 50,000 copies. It has been said that the paper's launch "helped inaugurate a new opening for independent media in Egypt.". It initially circulated primarily amongst Cairo's intellectual elite, providing objective news coverage in the belief that good news would beat sensationalist reporting found in other Egyptian print media. Until Mohamed Salmawi served as editor-in-chief of the daily when Ali Al Sayed was appointed to the post. Magdi El Galad is one of the former editors-in-chief of the paper. The publisher of the daily is Al-Masry Al-Youm for Journalism and Publication. In 2004, its establishment was finalized, and on 7 June 2004, it published its first edition. ![]() Hisham Kassem is also a founder of Al Masry Al Youm. The newspaper was founded in late 2002 by Salah Diab, an Egyptian businessman whose grandfather (Tawfik Diab) was one of Egypt's most renowned publishers in the 1930s and 1940s. ![]() Stuns make enemies easier to kill and sometimes allows them to be used as launchpads. The new air-dash mechanic is crucial, and players dive-bomb straight down as well, leading to potential enemy stuns, yet another new feature. It's an overwhelming amount of information upon first launching the game, but HYPER DEMON's visual language becomes strikingly clear after an hour or so.Īnd it's a good thing that the game reads so well despite its chaos, because much the same way that DOOM Eternal's version of combat was different from DOOM 2016, ramping up the speed and maneuverability and wildly increasing available choices, HYPER DEMON takes everything from Devil Daggers and adds to it by the truckload. The FOV can also manually be set on top of this, and the game even has a fantastic "rear view" feature where distinct red outlines of enemies directly behind the player are silhouetted over the action. While it has a single hand that launches golden projectiles in the center of the screen (a classic enough FPS setup), it allows for up to 180 degrees of vision via what the game terms "spherical projection" - more or less a rounded camera that pulls in a wider field. The basic camera has also undergone a significant shift. Anyone with photosensitivity issues will want to steer well clear of this game in its entirety, as it's a beautiful, pearlescent nightmare to which screenshots can't do justice. The basic setup is the same, with an arena shrouded by darkness and fairly monotone, skull-themed creatures flying around everywhere, but HYPER DEMON distinguishes itself from the off by making enemies flash when attacking or taking damage, changing color when stunned, and shimmering with ghostly images prior to being teleported into the arena. Related: Every Major FPS Game Still Releasing In 2022įor those who want the more direct indie FPS sequel Devil Daggers deserved, mods might fit the bill but for those ready to take things to the next level, HYPER DEMON is Sorath's clear answer. Crucially, it also means that every run feels jammed with potential, as it sidesteps the more staid opening segments of Devil Daggers and gets right to the good stuff, where players are testing their skill and pushing scores for the leaderboards. ![]() This immediately sets HYPER DEMON apart from its predecessor by changing how it rewards play. Instead of the seconds ticking up as players get further into the game's solitary progression, they now tick down from a humble 10, and each kill earns a set amount more (though not to worry - the clock running out doesn't equal death). Where Devil Daggers tasked players with surviving as long as possible to earn the biggest score, HYPER DEMON is measured by speed rather than survival. |